Monday, October 11, 2021

11th Oct Review of Historical and Current Affairs

My names is David Daniel Ball and I am Voice DDB dot locals dot com a voice of freedom supporting freedom around the world for all peoples. I write on historical and current affairs. I look for the conservative voice where mainstream media eschews it. Around the world media espouses liberalism orthodoxy and proclaims a history of liberalism that never happened. Liberalism of today is based on repeated lies that have been accepted from the past. 

Consider these historical truths
Who opposed slavery in Biblical times? Who opposed slavery in Great Britain? Who opposed Slavery in USA? Who gave votes to women in NZ? Who gave votes to women in Great Britain? Who gave votes to women in USA? Who brought in civil rights in England? Who brought in civil rights in USA? Who brought in civil rights in Australia? 

If your answer to these truths is conservatives over liberals, you miss the point. Conservatism and Leftism are modern concepts. The ancient dialog of Plato was not between conservatism and leftism. However the dialog has morphed and flipped over time, coming to be that today. And the so called centre point is the cutting edge. Whomever owns the centre point has an advantage. It is rhetoric today that attributes that to leftism. But, leftists oppose progress and embrace reflexive activism. 

Conservatism versus leftism evolved from the English civil wars between puritans like Cromwell and royalists. Tories and Whigs each supported the crown. Over time, however, Tories would broadly support the Crown, while Whigs became more enamoured with so called progressive ideas. The French Revolution would formalise the concept of leftism and rightism. The revolutionary council of France had had conservatives on the right, and radicals on the left. 

In the last two hundred years, we have had progressives embracing slavery and killing conservatives who opposed it. Progressives opposed votes for women as they did votes for blacks. Progressive parties would exploit minorities as they claimed to serve them. Black support for Democrats today dates back to FDR promising them more than he delivered with his 'new deal.' Who thinks now that fatherless unemployed families leads to prosperity? My father, coming to NYC in 1963 would catch taxi cabs often driven by Jewish dads who proudly displayed images of their children studying to be in University, often becoming doctors or lawyers. Meeting a black beggar, he might ask why they don't drive a taxi. "Taxis don't pay enough. We want real jobs." "But if you work in a taxi, your children could go to university and get those jobs." "If they want to drive taxis, they can." 

So think on these historical truths, who bungled WW2 and firebombed Berlin and nuked cities twice? Who left us an unending war in a divided Korea? Who bombed Yugoslavia rather than sending in troops? Who arrested Noriega the drug dealer? Who overthrows dictators to let the people run their own government? Who gives arms to terrorists? Who endorsed Ho Chi Minh or Pol Pot? Not every GOP is worthy of respect, many are RINO. But whom among Dems has not supported terrorism? Which Dem has not supported crippling corruption which steals $trillions from the world economy? Which Dem has not called baby killing a virtue? 

Whenever GOP do well, press claim that everyone is corrupt. When GOP stumble, press claim that Dem are strong. We need a free voice to discover nuance. Welcome to Voice DDB.

Today is the anniversary of an unfair fight which changed the world forever. The Battle of Karbala in 680 AD pitted a caravan of 110 being slaughtered by some thirty thousand. The thirty thousand were following the established but illegitimate rule of Yazidi. Husayn ibn Ali was a descendent of Mohammed and a son of Fatimah, Mohammed's daughter who was the only one to survive to adulthood.  Yazidi was the son of a usurper whom had promised to not promote his son. But the guy with all the men won. Husayn had had a six month old son who was also beheaded following the battle. It is said by some that an angel intervened and replaced Husayn with another. The result of the battle is the schism between Sunni and Shia. 

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Intro to Locals.com

My name is David Daniel Ball I'm a teacher with three decades experience teaching math to high school kids.I also work with first graders and kids in between first grade and high school. I know the legends of why Hypatia's dad is remembered through his contribution to Math theory. And I know the legend of why followers of Godel had thought he had disproved God's existence. 

I'm not a preacher, but I am a Christian who has written over 28 books all of which include some reference to my faith. Twelve blog books on world history and current affairs, detailing world events , births and marriages on each day of the year, organised by month. Twelve books on the background to and history of Bible Quotes. One Bible quote per day for a year. An intro to a science fiction series I'm planning, post apocalyptic cyber punk. An autobiography with short story collections. 

I'm known in Australia for my failure as a whistleblower over the negligence death of a school boy. I had reported the issue responsibly and had not known I'd blown the whistle. The embarrassed left wing government had responded by imposition of a nationwide ban on the use of peanut butter in canteens, despite failing to address the issue of peanut allergy appropriately. 

I've been de-platformed on Facebook and twitter despite not being an activist. Twitter did not like me asking for Obama to face justice in 2011. FB gave no specific reason for removing me following Jan 6th 2021 in Washington DC where a policeman killed an unarmed woman, so a crowd would know he was in control.

https://voiceddb.locals.com/post/1018405/intro-to-locals-for-the-conservative-voice

===

=== From 2017 ===
Don't give up on hope. A faux list of causes of death in 2016 has a Snopes entry. Snopes quibbles on the figures, but largely validates them. It fails to mention that Donald Trump will kill us all, which is unusual for Snopes. In California, a doctor may be slowed, so a patient dies, waiting to be certain of their personal pronoun. But that doctor will still respect the patient. 84 year old Democrat Dianne Feinstein is running again for another term in office. Were she to sleep through all legislative debates, she would not contribute less than she does now. Bill Clinton is upset with his Doormat for titling her latest book "What happened." Apparently Bill is concerned it sounds like the punchline for a joke. But Hillary wanted it to scream punchline. It has her voice, not his. 

Julie Bishop helped promote a myth that women dislike and would not vote for Tony Abbott. But it should be concerning that feminists promoted a doormat to lead the Presidential race for US Democrats and also forgave a Miramax chief for serially abusing women. The French sidestepped one charmer. Abbott gave a magnificent London address and abusers prove him right by failing to address issues. 

Yesterday I wrote how the Sunni/Shia schism began with an unfair fight. Today I look at the anniversary of the death in battle of Zwingli in 1531. Zwingli was a humanist who opposed church abuses, but condoned some as well. Zwingli fought for reason, and gave sermons from the Bible, rather than from church orthodoxy. He hadn't approved of anabaptist vehemence and did not speak out as one leader was executed by drowning for not baptising children, but adults. Zwingli saw himself as a soldier of Christ, and he died fighting in an unfair battle when he could not mobilise troops in time to defend his city of Zurich. Zwingli's right thinking humanism meant that Lutheranism divided Protestantism from Zwingli's theology, forever dividing Protestantism. 
=== from 2016 ===
Working on local council campaign and a few observations. 
I am receiving mail from people desperate for change, but not addressing local council activity. Clearly they are used to being ignored or rejected. That is dysfunctional. One K Wright who self identifies as leftist asked to give a yes or no response on the issue of greyhounds. Music Victoria sent me survey results I have no recollection of participating in. An advocacy group opposing Lyndhurst Tip asked for my support. I also went on my 4km walk which took me to Council and Dandenong Markets and Plaza. 
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K Wright was very upset with my response on Greyhound racing. He wanted a 'yes or no' reply but did not like mine. 
David can you please give us a Yes or No ...
Do you support Greyhound Racing ..
I liked Baird's response to NSW Greyhound racing when the authorities said they could not police it he began to close it. He apparently has decided to not close it after the authorities said they could police it. I won't tolerate corruption. But I like sport. Does that answer your question. Yes or no.
Typical wanna be counselor Poli MP wishy washy crap MATE ....So you do not support Greyhound Racing ......Was the question that hard ...YES OR NO.....You miss out on hundreds of Greyhound supporters VOTES .....Your loss bud and maybe get out and see the World before you think you can help the World ...Get out and get your hands dirty and stop your diatribe rantings because no one is interested in you and your page clearly tells a tail .....lol .....Good luck ....and you cannot even give us a decent picture of yourself on your page so that suggest ...WHAT to u ....
=
Music Victoria wrote 
Music Victoria was heartened by the overwhelming support for music from candidates, which included:

77% said they would undertake a music audit of their local music community
85% said they supported a music strategy in their municipality
51% said there was NOT adequate funding for music in their municipality
97% of the above candidates said they would support an increase in funding
98% said they would support the increased use of council facilities and buildings for musicians to rehearse, record music and hold all ages events
“Every municipality has a music industry – whether it’s bands, a community choir, teachers or a music store,’’ said Music Victoria CEO Patrick Donovan.

Greater Dandenong has many schools and venues, including Drum Theatre. Music is the lifeblood of culture and community. I fully intend to cut direct funding to non essential services, but I would promote commercial enterprise using facilities and local community developing cultural venues. I think related issues such as public transport vectors and parking are essential to keeping a visit to our local community an enjoyable one. Also waste collection needs to be efficient and cheap.

One pet project of mine is the development of a digital cultural museum. I want council to provide facilities where the local community can create and develop digital media of cultural significance to our diverse peoples. From classical music to contemporary, and in different languages. So that a school child can create a message that could be seen in a home town anywhere in the world.

Communities need facilities. It is an essential service.

=
From an advocacy group

Dear candidates for REDGUM WARD.
The Lyndhurst tip has been a serious issue for Greater Dandenong residents for many years.
As a candidate in the 2016 local council elections would you please reply your responses by Wednesday 12th October. Your comments may then be included in next weeks local paper.

The Lyndhurst Hazardous Waste landfill is close to many thousands of residents and workers. Greater Dandenong has a well documented position on the landfill.

Q. 1 Do you support the Councils position on the tip?
Q. 4. What priority do you place on implementing the councils current policy?
Q 2. Are you committed to this tips earliest possible closure?
Q. 3. How will you go about assisting the community so they no longer live so close to this facility?

T Wakelam
on behalf of
Residents Against Toxic waste in the South East Inc RATWISE

I am currently unaware of council's position on the tip. However, there needs to be a tip. It needs to be safe. It should be as cheap as possible. As the tip apparently meets EPO guidelines, what changes need to be made to the EPO to satisfy your constituents? This is not a local government matter, but a state government one. However, if you can find or point to local government matters in Greater Dandenong I am keen to work with your community to make sure you have not only what every Australian deserves, but the best of what we can offer.
=
I daily visit the voting booth at Dandenong Council and see the others handing out how to vote cards and so on. It is an essential part of the democratic backbone of our nation. I am happy if they are happy. I don't feel the concerns expressed by some are realistic. People want my view on Same Sex marriage or Greyhounds. I am happy to discuss the matters. But there are serious issues that need to be addressed, that can be addressed, and that aren't being addressed. Local Council are involved with planning and they frequently hinder business rather than helping it. I want local business to prosper. I want local business to hire young people and help clean Dandenong streets of crime. To that end, I want businesses to be able to trade when they want to. I want them to have appropriate facilities and public access. It is outrageous that it takes two hours to get to work on Saturday going from Dandenong to Hallam, but a council licensed to operate venue in Hallam, on Abbott st, takes that long using public transport. The venue is open to children and members of the public, but there is no side walk access for kilometres. There is no direct bus. The busses that go past have stops more than a kilometre away. So a teacher going to work might spend four hours going to and from the venue, but maybe only work two hours at the venue. 

Another bus route in Keysborough takes a bus through narrow back streets instead of an adjacent main road. The locals have petitioned for change, and contacted the bus company, as have I, but Ventura do not reply. Local businesses have opened but they don't get many clients because there is no parking. It is a planning failure. Crime has increased 30% under the current council. 

Yet Green council members campaign against over development. 

I suggest Red Gum ward vote for David Daniel Ball. And, after asking your local councillor about their views on Trump, Same Sex Marriage and Greyhounds, try and find out what it is they will do to make garbage collection cheaper and more efficient. Ask how they will make business more profitable. Ask what they will do to help address crime. Ask what they will do to improve public transport issues locally. 
=== from 2015 ===
AGW hysterics claim they are not treated with respect by people they label deniers. So The Conservative Voice will fairly and impartially state the AGW position so it can be objectively evaluated. AGW hysterics believe that the world will become unsustainably hot because of plant food. They propose to bankrupt industry in a desperate attempt to eliminate plant food or everyone will die from the world heating like Venus. 

It is worth noting that there are no plants on Venus. So, possibly, AGW hysterics have perpetrated this hoax before. And look what happened. Meanwhile, Volkswagen has profited from exploiting a loophole in AGW alarmism. Nobody has been hurt or died, but the alarmists want $billions. Meanwhile, it is known Turnbull agrees with the hysterics, but has agreed to vacillate on the issue for the time being.

For some, at the moment, the Sex Party has more credibility.
From 2014
What is the cost of free speech? 18c has not curbed Hizb Ut-Tahir but has prosecuted Andrew Bolt for good journalism. Yet some say we need 18c to do exactly what it has failed to do. And yet speech is not free for normal people. It has become a rule for bigots opposing reason. But the most egregious abuse of 18c from the point of view of the Conservative Voice is that the refusal to report on newsworthy items by the mainstream press which have not required freedom of speech legislation .. they just choose to report only on what they feel protects their narrative. Hamidur Rahman is dead from such abuse. And his blood is on their hands too. We need free speech. But 18c is only an impediment. We don't have free speech even without 18c. 

Oakes attacks Hockey. Apparently Oakes feels that that is the best way to prosecute an ALP agenda, and it has nothing to do with current issues. Hockey was right to say Shorten can't support Liberal security policy if he refuses to allow the government the funds to pay for it. Meanwhile Shorten claims today that there would never be a carbon tax under a government he leads. But even after the change of senate, ALP clung to the tax to the bitter end .. even after Rudd claimed to have ended it. Shorten promises a carbon trade, which would replace a carbon tax and function like one. Mr Abbott has to protect and foster the economy. ALP are holding up $28 billion in savings. 

The constipated air warriors are not effective without ground forces. Obama has made the wrong call and many people are dying because of it. The Algerian migrant Benbrika is converting others to Jihadism from jail. There are many such examples around the world. Benbrika's sentence is pathetically short for his crime which put him there. Probably just as Pistorius' one will be too. 

In the interests of free speech I include some of the correspondence received from yesterday's post. 


Otto Mellar Antarctic ice MASS is decreasing, despite thin sea ice covering a larger area.
Suggest checking the scientific facts before taking the words of an unqualified blogger....See More

POLETOPOLECAMPAIGN.ORG

David Daniel Ball .. I suggest you look at the references before embarrassing yourself by spreading lies.

Otto Mellar If you have scientific evidence that ice MASS is increasing or staying the same, then please present it.

In the meantime, new from NASA this week:

http://phys.org/.../2014-09-goce-reveals-gravity-dip-ice...

GOCE reveals gravity dip from ice loss (w/ Video)
Although not designed to map changes in Earth's gravity...
PHYS.ORG

David Daniel Ball (Although not designed ..)

David Daniel Ball .. anyway .. one of your glorious leaders has said the increase was as expected ..

Otto Mellar "glorious leaders" = one of the highly qualified scientists?
Yes, sea ice may well be widely spread, but it's much thinner and formed from the lowered salinity sea water. The salinity in the Antarctic is dropping due to increased ice from the land entering the ocean.
And as I have said twice, the total mass of ice has decreased.

But if evidence is not your thing, I won't trouble you with any more of it.

Bruu Swayn Otto, put those facts away. They ruin the rhetoric.

David Daniel Ball .. which is the fact, Bruu? the scientist contradicting themselves proudly? The observations based on materials not designed for it? Or the measurements you don't want to believe?

Robert Hayes Negatory according to ICESAT http://wattsupwiththat.com/.../icesat-data-shows-mass.../ to paraphrase Bruu "Robert, put those facts away. They ruin the rhetoric."

ICESAT Data Shows Mass Gains of the Antarctic Ice Sheet Exceed Losses
The results of ICEsat measurements are in for Antarctica,...
WATTSUPWITHTHAT.COM

Bruu Swayn Did you read the links, David?

Bruu Swayn Robert, you're linking Anthony Watts again.

Robert Hayes Who's linking to a peer paper.

Robert Hayes Are you not the least bit skeptical Bruu of record southern sea ice? And the prescribed warming causes ice counter intuitive claim. Is the dog ate it also a plausible explanation?

Bruu Swayn " While the interior of East Antarctica is gaining land ice, overall Antarctica has been losing land ice at an accelerating rate. Antarctic sea ice is growing despite a strongly warming Southern Ocean."

http://www.skepticalscience.com/antarctica-gaining-ice...

Is Antarctica losing or gaining ice?
While the interior of East Antarctica is gaining land ice, overall Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating...
SKEPTICALSCIENCE.COM

Jules Lees David Daniel Ball your silence is pretty weak chief.

Robert Hayes Are you doing this to me because I linked Watts? That's not a fair trade.

Bruu Swayn That links to more papers, which put perspective on the land ice, and it's important to relate the Arctic losses

Robert Hayes At all.

Bruu Swayn Yes it is

Robert Hayes HADCRUT says no warming

Robert Hayes RSS for slightly different lats shows the same thing

Otto Mellar No warming? And the mechanism for ice moving off the continent is ...?

Robert Hayes Is the snowfall just meant to mound there year after year?

Bruu Swayn HadCRUT for instance has a cool bias

http://www.skepticalscience.com/first-look-at-hadcrut4.html

First Look at HadCRUT4
The UK Met Office Hadley Centre has just released HadCRUT4, which is an update to HadCRUT3 which, as...
SKEPTICALSCIENCE.COM

Bruu Swayn

Bruu Swayn Cherry picking is a wonderful thing

Robert Hayes How is that cherry picking? At least you don't have a cool bias Bruu.

Bruu Swayn Because look at my graph - same data sources. Clear warming, isn't there?

Otto Mellar And so you are really convinced that the gravity measurer did not measure a gravity reduction?
Care to back up that claim with evidence?

Robert Hayes Go on link to GISTEMP, their record goes all the way to 11.

David Daniel Ball My silence, Jules? I just post the facts ..

Jules Lees 23 post since your last one. Lots of questions and evidence that proves you are wrong or have not explained something correctly - going to address them?

David Daniel Ball I've looked, and no point seems extant .. care to list them for me? You might be the better reader

Sandra Maiden What a load of old horse feathers.
David Daniel Ball .. all the statements are backed up by articles .. feel free to challenge them if you work out what it is that you disagree with.

Paul Corrigan Work out!Anyone?

Bob Lawson Your a blogger David Daniel Ball. Your facts don't even tally with the statement the other day from the federal weather people saying that an enormous chunk of the Antarctic ice sheet has recently broken off and is slowly heading north. Please mate before you put this nonsense in print at least try to refute the weather science first. While some of modelling I think is the worst possible scenario there is no doubt that the earth's climate is warming and greenhouse gases not just CO2 that are man made are the major cause.

Bob Lawson Before you challenge me on academic grounds David Daniel Ball. I have three degrees. One in biology, another in industrial chemisty and third a masters degree in medicine. So I know what I am talking about where as you obviously don't.

David Daniel Ball Bob, The reason for the large chunk breaking off .. because there is so much ice .. the weight .. can't support it.

Bob Lawson Your understanding of physics is as flawed as your climate change sceptic blog mate. Here are the facts mate; the strengh of frozen H2O is reliant on temperature and temperature only. The warmer it gets the less ordered and therefore the less cohesive the water molecules become. The ice event I quoted has been completely stable for all of recorded history mate. Now all of a sudden it isn't. This is nothing to do weight Daniel just temperature. There you go you have eve learned some first year Uni physics.

David Daniel Ball lol .. and yet the AGW alarmist I quoted admitted it was building up and claimed the models predicted that .. argue with them ..

Bob Lawson You can find any looney to back up any point of view. The ice chunk that broke off is as big as some European countries. No I chose to argue with you and your no nothing and do nothing blog. My science is based on the properties of physics David Daniel Ball. They are not open to spin or selective interpretation by you or any other ratbag climate change sceptic. Thank god you people are in an ever decreasing minority.

David Daniel Ball dream on, Bob .. know nothing ..

David Daniel Ball .. thing is .. that guy you call looney is one of yours .. but a leader of yours .. and credentials that exceed your first year science. I'm not arguing my observations. Were I to do so I would point out that the Weather guy who is AGW alarmist is also on average 10 degrees off every single night .. always predicting more than I experience .. just an observation.
From 2013
Abbott is showing many signs of early success. He is stopping the boats. The ALP are begging him to break his promise on Industrial Relations and break Fair Work. Clearly industry failed when ALP butchered Work Choices. Another failed group are the ABC Fact Checkers. A buffoon in Palmer is threatening effective government .. if he carried out his threats he will not be thanked, or be able to buy, the electorate again. Speaking of buffoons, Obama is President of the US in name, but he is not competent. Debt figure shared with Clinton and Bush, compared with Obama, include for Bush a stimulus payment at the end of his Presidency .. so Bush certainly spent it, but not as part of his administration (only at the end) but as a gift to Obama, approved by Pelosi Democrats. 

I'm against censorship. If you want a video made for a wedding or a function, there is an article I have posted about a very rude bigot who ruined one for a couple. Don't ever do business with them. If they come begging, don't feed them. You know who they are. 
Historical perspective on this day
1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo.
1142 – A peace treaty between the Jin dynasty and Southern Song dynasty is formally ratified when a Jin envoy visits the Song court during the Jin–Song wars.
1311 – The Ordinances of 1311 are published, imposing a series of regulations upon King Edward II of England by the peerage and clergy.
1531 – Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.
1582 – Due to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1614 – Adriaen Block and 12 Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the New Netherland colony.
1634 – The Burchardi flood: "The second Grote Mandrenke" killed around 15,000 men in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
1649 – Sack of Wexford: After a ten-day siege, English New Model Army troops (under Oliver Cromwell) stormed the town of Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.

1727 – George II and Caroline of Ansbach are crowned King and Queen of Great Britain.
1767 – Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed.
1776 – American Revolutionary WarBattle of Valcour Island: On Lake Champlain a fleet of American boats is defeated by the Royal Navy, but delays the British advance until 1777.
1797 – Battle of Camperdown: Naval battle between Royal Navy and Royal Netherlands Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. The outcome of the battle was a decisive British victory.

1809 – Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
1811 – Inventor John Stevens' boat, the Juliana, begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry (service between New York City, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey).
1852 – The University of Sydney, Australia's oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney.
1862 – American Civil War: In the aftermath of the Battle of AntietamConfederate General J. E. B. Stuartand his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during a raid into the north.
1865 – Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.
1890 – In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
1899 – Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
1899 – The Western League is renamed the American League.

1906 – San Francisco public school board sparks a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
1910 – Former President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. He flew for four minutes with Arch Hoxsey in a plane built by the Wright brothers at Kinloch Field (Lambert–St. Louis International Airport), St. Louis, Missouri.
1912 – First Balkan War: The Greek Army liberates the city of Kozani.
1918 – The 7.1 Mw San Fermín earthquake shakes Puerto Rico with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 76–116 people. A destructive tsunami contributed to the damage and loss of life.

1941 – Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia.
1942 – World War IIBattle of Cape Esperance: On the northwest coast of GuadalcanalUnited States Navyships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
1944 – Tuvan People's Republic, formerly Tannu Tuva, is annexed by the U.S.S.R.
1950 – Television: CBS's mechanical color system is the first to be licensed for broadcast by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
1954 – First Indochina War: The Viet Minh take control of North Vietnam.
1957 – Space RaceOperation Moonwatch scientists calculate Sputnik 1's booster rocket's orbit.
1958 – Pioneer programNASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).

1962 – Second Vatican CouncilPope John XXIII convenes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
1968 – Apollo programNASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally SchirraDonn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard.
1972 – A race riot occurs on the United States Navy aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnamduring Operation Linebacker.
1975 – The NBC sketch comedy/variety show Saturday Night Live debuts.
1976 – George Washington's appointment, posthumously, to the grade of General of the Armies by congressional joint resolution Public Law 94-479 is approved by President Gerald R. Ford.

1984 – Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
1984 – An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154 crashes into maintenance vehicles upon landing in Omsk, Russia, killing 178.
1986 – Cold War: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in ReykjavíkIceland, in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe.
1987 – First public display of AIDS Memorial Quilt on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., during the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights.
1987 – Start of Operation Pawan by Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka that killed thousands of ethnic Tamil civilians and hundreds of Tamil Tigers and Indian Army soldiers.

1994 – Korn releases their self-titled debut album, which has been considered to start the whole nu metalgenre.
2000 – NASA launches STS-92, the 100th Space Shuttle mission, using Space Shuttle Discovery.
2001 – The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
2002 – A bomb attack in a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland kills seven.

2013 – A migrant boat sinks in the Channel of Sicily with at least 34 people dead.

===



 1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo.

1142 – A peace treaty between the Jin dynasty and Southern Song dynasty is formally ratified when a Jin envoy visits the Song court during the Jin–Song wars.
1311 – The Ordinances of 1311 are published, imposing a series of regulations upon King Edward II of England by the peerage and clergy.
1531 – Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.
1582 – Due to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1614 – Adriaen Block and 12 Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the New Netherland colony.
1634 – The Burchardi flood: "The second Grote Mandrenke" killed around 15,000 men in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
1649 – Sack of Wexford: After a ten-day siege, English New Model Army troops (under Oliver Cromwell) stormed the town of Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.

1727 – George II and Caroline of Ansbach are crowned King and Queen of Great Britain.
1767 – Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed.
1776 – American Revolutionary WarBattle of Valcour Island: On Lake Champlain a fleet of American boats is defeated by the Royal Navy, but delays the British advance until 1777.
1797 – Battle of Camperdown: Naval battle between Royal Navy and Royal Netherlands Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. The outcome of the battle was a decisive British victory.

1809 – Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
1811 – Inventor John Stevens' boat, the Juliana, begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry (service between New York City, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey).
1852 – The University of Sydney, Australia's oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney.
1862 – American Civil War: In the aftermath of the Battle of AntietamConfederate General J. E. B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during a raid into the north.
1865 – Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.
1890 – In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
1899 – Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
1899 – The Western League is renamed the American League.

1906 – San Francisco public school board sparks a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
1910 – Former President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. He flew for four minutes with Arch Hoxsey in a plane built by the Wright brothers at Kinloch Field (Lambert–St. Louis International Airport), St. Louis, Missouri.
1912 – First Balkan War: The Greek Army liberates the city of Kozani.


1941 – Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia.
1942 – World War IIBattle of Cape Esperance: On the northwest coast of GuadalcanalUnited States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
1944 – Tuvan People's Republic, formerly Tannu Tuva, is annexed by the U.S.S.R.
1950 – Television: CBS's mechanical color system is the first to be licensed for broadcast by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
1954 – First Indochina War: The Viet Minh take control of North Vietnam.
1957 – Space RaceOperation Moonwatch scientists calculate Sputnik 1's booster rocket's orbit.
1958 – Pioneer programNASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).

1962 – Second Vatican CouncilPope John XXIII convenes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
1968 – Apollo programNASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally SchirraDonn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard.
1972 – A race riot occurs on the United States Navy aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam during Operation Linebacker.
1975 – The NBC sketch comedy/variety show Saturday Night Live debuts.
1976 – George Washington's appointment, posthumously, to the grade of General of the Armies by congressional joint resolution Public Law 94-479 is approved by President Gerald R. Ford.

1984 – Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
1984 – An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154 crashes into maintenance vehicles upon landing in Omsk, Russia, killing 178.
1986 – Cold War: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in ReykjavíkIceland, in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe.
1987 – First public display of AIDS Memorial Quilt on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., during the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights.
1987 – Start of Operation Pawan by Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka that killed thousands of ethnic Tamil civilians and hundreds of Tamil Tigers and Indian Army soldiers.


2000 – NASA launches STS-92, the 100th Space Shuttle mission, using Space Shuttle Discovery.
2001 – The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
2002 – A bomb attack in a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland kills seven.

2013 – A migrant boat sinks in the Channel of Sicily with at least 34 people dead.

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