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April 4, 2014 / 4 Nisan 5774 / Good Shabbos
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April 5, 2014 / 5 Nisan 5774 / Shavuah Tov
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===Events
- 46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) in the battle of Thapsus.
- 402 – Stilicho stymies the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.
- 1199 – King Richard I of England dies from an infection following the removal of an arrow from his shoulder.
- 1327 – The poet Petrarch first sees his idealized love, Laura, in the church of Saint Clare in Avignon.
- 1453 – Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Istanbul), which falls on May 29.
- 1712 – The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway.
- 1793 – During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety becomes the executive organ of the republic.
- 1808 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.
- 1830 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, the original church of the Latter Day Saint movement, is organized by Joseph Smith, Jr. and others at Fayette orManchester, New York.
- 1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints—later renamed Community of Christ—is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois
- 1861 – First performance of Arthur Sullivan's debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivanoperas.
- 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Shiloh begins – in Tennessee, forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant meet Confederate troops led by General Albert Sidney Johnston.
- 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat fromRichmond, Virginia.
- 1866 – The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded. It lasts until 1956.
- 1869 – Celluloid is patented.
- 1895 – Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.
- 1896 – In Athens, the opening of the first modern Olympic Games is celebrated, 1,500 years after the original games are banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I.
- 1924 – First round-the-world flight commences.
- 1929 – Huey P. Long Governor of Louisiana is impeached by the Louisiana House of Representatives.
- 1957 – Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis buys the Hellenic National Airlines (TAE) and founds Olympic Airlines.
- 1962 – Leonard Bernstein causes controversy with his remarks from the podium during a New York Philharmonic concert featuring Glenn Gould performing Brahms' First Piano Concerto.
- 1965 – Launch of Early Bird, the first communications satellite to be placed in geosynchronous orbit.
- 1973 – The American League of Major League Baseball begins using the designated hitter.
- 1974 – The Swedish pop band ABBA wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 with the song "Waterloo", launching their international career.
- 1994 – The Rwandan Genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down.
- 2011 – In San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico, over 193 bodies were exhumed from several mass graves made by Los Zetas.
Births
- 1483 – Raphael, Italian painter and architect (d. 1520)
- 1651 – André Dacier, French scholar (d. 1722)
- 1660 – Johann Kuhnau, German organist and composer (d. 1722)
- 1671 – Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, French poet (d. 1741)
- 1741 – Nicolas Chamfort, French author and playwright (d. 1794)
- 1773 – James Mill, Scottish historian, economist, and philosopher (d. 1836)
- 1820 – Nadar, French photographer, journalist, and author (d. 1910)
- 1860 – René Lalique, French sculptor (d. 1945)
- 1886 – Walter Dandy, American neurosurgeon (d. 1946)
- 1890 – Anthony Fokker, Dutch engineer and businessman, founded Fokker Aircraft Manufacturer (d. 1939)
- 1892 – Donald Wills Douglas, Sr., American businessman, founded the Douglas Aircraft Company (d. 1981)
- 1915 – Tadeusz Kantor, Polish director, painter, and set designer (d. 1990)
- 1920 – Jack Cover, American pilot and scientist, invented the Taser gun (d. 2009)
- 1926 – Gil Kane, Latvian-American comic book artist (d. 2000)
- 1929 – André Previn, German-American pianist, composer, and conductor
- 1937 – Merle Haggard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Strangers and The Buckaroos)
- 1947 – Mike Worboys, English mathematician and computer scientist
- 1953 – Christopher Franke, German-American drummer and songwriter (Tangerine Dream and Agitation Free)
- 1956 – Michele Bachmann, American politician
- 1979 – Eilen Jewell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1982 – Michael Guy Chislett, Australian-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (The Academy Is... and Hillsong United)
- 2000 – CJ Adams, American actor
Deaths
- 885 – Saint Methodius, Byzantine missionary (b. 815)
- 1199 – Richard I of England (b. 1157)
- 1520 – Raphael, Italian painter and architect (b. 1483)
- 1528 – Albrecht Dürer, German painter, engraver, and mathematician (b. 1471)
- 1590 – Francis Walsingham, English politician (b. 1532)
- 1971 – Igor Stravinsky, Russian-American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1882)
- 1974 – Hudson Fysh, Australian pilot and businessman, co-founded Qantas Airways Limited (b. 1895)
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