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Modern Living in Traditional Jerusalem
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April 24, 2014 / 24 Nisan 5774
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===Events
- 404 BC – Peloponnesian War: Lysander's Spartan Armies defeated the Athenians and the war ends.
- 1607 – Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
- 1644 – The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.
- 1707 – The Habsburg army is defeated by Bourbon army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession.
- 1792 – Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine.
- 1792 – La Marseillaise (the French national anthem) is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.
- 1829 – Charles Fremantle arrives in HMS Challenger off the coast of modern-day Western Australia prior to declaring the Swan River Colonyfor the United Kingdom.
- 1846 – Thornton Affair: Open conflict begins over the disputed border of Texas, triggering the Mexican–American War.
- 1847 – The last survivors of the Donner Party are out of the wilderness.
- 1859 – British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal.
- 1901 – New York becomes the first U.S. state to require automobile license plates.
- 1915 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli begins—The invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by Australian, British, French and New Zealand troops begins with landings at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.
- 1916 – Easter Rebellion: The United Kingdom declares martial law in Ireland.
- 1916 – Anzac Day is commemorated for the first time on the first anniversary of the landing at Anzac Cove.
- 1938 – U.S. Supreme Court delivers its opinion in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and overturns a century of federal common law.
- 1945 – Elbe Day: United States and Soviet troops meet in Torgau along the River Elbe, cutting the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany in two, a milestone in the approachingend of World War II in Europe.
- 1945 – The Nazi occupation army surrenders and leaves Northern Italy after a general partisan insurrection by the Italian resistance movement; the puppet fascist regime dissolves and Benito Mussolini tries to escape. This day is taken as symbolic of the Liberation of Italy.
- 1951 – Korean War: Assaulting Chinese forces are forced to withdraw after heavy fighting with UN forces, primarily made up of Australian and Canadian troops, at theBattle of Kapyong.
- 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" describing the double helixstructure of DNA.
- 1961 – Robert Noyce is granted a patent for an integrated circuit.
- 1965 – Teenage sniper Michael Andrew Clark kills three and wounds six others shooting from a hilltop along Highway 101 just south of Santa Maria, California.
- 1975 – As North Vietnamese forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost ten years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.
- 1983 – American schoolgirl Samantha Smith is invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov after he read her letter in which she expressed fears aboutnuclear war.
- 1988 – In Israel, John Demjanuk is sentenced to death for war crimes committed in World War II.
- 2007 – Boris Yeltsin's funeral – the first to be sanctioned by the Russian Orthodox Church for a head of state since the funeral of Emperor Alexander III in 1894.
Births
- 1214 – Louis IX of France (d. 1270)
- 1599 – Oliver Cromwell, English general and politician (d. 1658)
- 1849 – Felix Klein, German mathematician (d. 1925)
- 1873 – Walter de la Mare, English poet and author (d. 1956)
- 1874 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian businessman and inventor, developed Marconi's law, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1937)
- 1900 – Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- 1908 – Edward R. Murrow, American journalist (d. 1965)
- 1917 – Ella Fitzgerald, American singer (d. 1996)
- 1925 – Sammy Drechsel, German comedian and journalist (d. 1986)
- 1927 – Albert Uderzo, French illustrator
- 1940 – Al Pacino, American actor and director
- 1945 – Stu Cook, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (Creedence Clearwater Revival, Southern Pacific, Don Harrison Band, and Creedence Clearwater Revisited)
- 1945 – Björn Ulvaeus, Swedish singer-songwriter and producer (ABBA and Hootenanny Singers)
- 1955 – Zev Siegl, American businessman, co-founded Starbucks
- 1965 – John Henson, American puppeteer and voice actor (d. 2014)
- 1969 – Renée Zellweger, American actress and producer
- 1980 – Daniel MacPherson, Australian actor
- 1996 – Allisyn Ashley Arm, American actress
Deaths
- 501 – Saint Rusticus, French archbishop (b. 455)
- 1472 – Leon Battista Alberti, Italian author, poet, and philosopher (b. 1404)
- 1516 – John Yonge, English diplomat (b. 1467)
- 1873 – Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy, Russian painter (b. 1783)
- 1875 – 12th Dalai Lama (b. 1857)
- 1976 – Carol Reed, English director and producer (b. 1906)
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