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March 30, 2014 / 28 Adar II 5774
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March 31, 2014 / 29 Adar II 5774
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Events
- 286 – Emperor Diocletian elevates his general Maximian to co-emperor with the rank of Augustus and gives him control over the Western regions of the Roman Empire.
- 325 – Crown Prince Jin Chengdi, age 4, succeeds his father Jin Mingdi as emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
- 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
- 528 – The daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei was made the "Emperor" as a male heir of the late emperor by Empress Dowager Hu, deposed and replaced by Yuan Zhao the next day; she was the first female monarch in the History of China, but not widely recognised.
- 1318 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from England.
- 1340 – Niels Ebbesen kills Gerhard III of Holstein in his bedroom, ending the 1332-1340 interregnum in Denmark.
- 1545 – Potosí is founded after the discovery of major silver deposits in the area.
- 1826 – Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
- 1854 – Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine, Household Words.
- 1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
- 1893 – The rank of Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy is established.
- 1908 – The Territorial Force (renamed Territorial Army in 1920) is formed as a volunteer reserve component of the British Army.
- 1918 – The Royal Air Force is created by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.
- 1919 – The Staatliches Bauhaus school is founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar.
- 1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch". However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he writes Mein Kampf.
- 1933 – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in a series of anti-Semitic acts.
- 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Jaén, Spain is bombed by Nazi forces.
- 1939 – Spanish Civil War: Generalísimo Francisco Franco of the Spanish State announces the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the last of the Republican forces surrender.
- 1941 – Fantana Alba massacre: between 200 and 2,000 Romanian civilians are killed by Soviet Border Guards.
- 1944 – Navigation errors lead to an accidental American bombing of the Swiss city of Schaffhausen.
- 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The Chinese Communist Party holds unsuccessful peace talks with the Nationalist Party in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
- 1949 – The Government of Canada repeals Japanese Canadian internment after seven years.
- 1949 – The 26 counties of the Irish Free State become Ireland.
- 1954 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
- 1957 – The BBC broadcasts the spaghetti tree hoax on its current affairs programme Panorama.
- 1969 – The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the Royal Air Force.
- 1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, requiring the Surgeon General's warnings on tobacco products and banning cigaretteadvertisements on television and radio in the United States, starting on January 1, 1971.
- 1976 – Apple Inc. is formed by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne.
- 1976 – The Jovian–Plutonian gravitational effect, soon revealed as an April Fools' Day hoax, is first reported by British astronomer Patrick Moore.
- 1989 – Margaret Thatcher's new local government tax, the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), is introduced in Scotland.
- 2001 – An EP-3E United States Navy surveillance aircraft collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army Shenyang J-8 fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing inHainan, People's Republic of China and is detained.
- 2001 – Former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on war crimes charges.
- 2011 – After protests against the burning of the Quran turn violent, a mob attacks a United Nations compound in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan, resulting in the deaths of thirteen people, including eight foreign workers.
Births
- 1220 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (d. 1272)
- 1578 – William Harvey, English physician (d. 1657)
- 1640 – Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (d. 1697)
- 1776 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (d. 1831)
- 1815 – Otto von Bismarck, German politician, 1st Chancellor of the German Empire (d. 1898)
- 1866 – William Blomfield, New Zealand cartoonist (d. 1938)
- 1873 – Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1943)
- 1874 – Ernest Barnes, English mathematician and theologian (d. 1953)
- 1875 – Edgar Wallace, English journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1932)
- 1883 – Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1930)
- 1885 – Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, English wife of Winston Churchill (d. 1977)
- 1908 – Abraham Maslow, American psychologist (d. 1970)
- 1917 – Sydney Newman, Canadian television producer, created Doctor Who (d. 1997)
- 1921 – Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, American guitarist and songwriter
- 1926 – Anne McCaffrey, American-Irish author (d. 2011)
- 1932 – Debbie Reynolds, American actress, singer, and dancer
- 1942 – Richard D. Wolff, American economist and educator
- 1960 – J. Christopher Stevens, American lawyer and diplomat, 10th United States Ambassador to Libya (d. 2012)
- 1961 – Susan Boyle, Scottish singer
- 1971 – Lachy Hulme, Australian actor and screenwriter
- 1997 – Asa Butterfield, English actor
Deaths
- 1085 – Emperor Shenzong of Song (b. 1048)
- 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine (b. 1122)
- 1897 – Jandamarra, Australian activist (b. 1873)
- 1917 – Scott Joplin, American pianist and composer (b. 1868)
- 1984 – Marvin Gaye, American singer-songwriter (The Moonglows) (b. 1939)
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