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2014
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February 2, 2014 / 2 Adar I, 5774
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Events
- 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
- 1377 – More than 2,000 people of the Italian city of Cesena are slaughtered by Papal Troops (Cesena Bloodbath).
- 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, becoming the first known European to travel so far south.
- 1509 – The Portuguese navy defeats a joint fleet of the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Venice, the Sultan of Gujarat, the Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt, the Zamorin of Calicut, and the Republic of Ragusa at the Battle of Diu in Diu, India.
- 1534 – The Irish rebel Silken Thomas is executed by the order of Henry VIII in London, England.
- 1637 – Tulip mania collapses in the United Provinces (now the Netherlands) as sellers could no longer find buyers for their bulb contracts.
- 1690 – The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in America.
- 1706 – During the Battle of Fraustadt Swedish forces defeat a superior Saxon-Polish-Russian force by deploying a double envelopment.
- 1807 – A British military force, under Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Auchmuty captures the city of Montevideo, then part of the Spanish Empire now the capital of Uruguay.
- 1809 – The Illinois Territory is created.
- 1913 – The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect an income tax.
- 1917 – World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany a day after the latter announced a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
- 1959 – Death of rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa.
- 1960 – British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan speaks of the "a wind of change" of increasing national consciousness blowing through colonial Africa, signalling that his Government is likely to support decolonisation.
- 1961 – The United States Air Forces begins Operation Looking Glass, and over the next 30 years, a "Doomsday Plane" is always in the air, with the capability of taking direct control of the United States' bombers and missiles in the event of the destruction of the SAC's command post.
- 1967 – Ronald Ryan, the last person to be executed in Australia, is hanged in Pentridge Prison, Melbourne.
- 1971 – New York Police Officer Frank Serpico is shot during a drug bust in Brooklyn and survives to later testify against police corruption. Many believe the incident proves that NYPD officers tried to kill him.
- 1995 – Astronaut Eileen Collins becomes the first woman to pilot the Space Shuttle as mission STS-63 gets underway from Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Births
- 1338 – Joanna of Bourbon (d. 1378)
- 1736 – Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian composer and theorist (d. 1809)
- 1809 – Felix Mendelssohn, German pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1847)
- 1857 – Giuseppe Moretti, Italian sculptor, designed the Vulcan statue (d. 1935)
- 1874 – Gertrude Stein, American poet and art collector (d. 1946)
- 1894 – Norman Rockwell, American painter and illustrator (d. 1978)
- 1911 – Robert Earl Jones, American actor (d. 2006)
- 1920 – Henry Heimlich, American physician
- 1950 – Pamela Franklin, Japanese-English actress
- 1997 – Paige Mary Hourigan, New Zealand tennis player
Deaths
- 619 – Laurence, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1399 – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (b. 1340)
- 1820 – Gia Long, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1762)
- 1922 – John Butler Yeats, Irish illustrator (b. 1839)
- 1959 – The Day the Music Died
- The Big Bopper, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1930)
- Buddy Holly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Crickets) (b. 1936)
- Roger Peterson, American pilot (b. 1937)
- Ritchie Valens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
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