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February 13, 2014 / 13 Adar I 5774
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13
FEBRUARY
2014
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Events
- 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German languages.
- 1349 – Several hundred Jews are burned to death by mobs while the remainder of their population is forcibly removed from the city ofStrasbourg.
- 1556 – Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.
- 1778 – The United States Flag is formally recognized by a foreign naval vessel for the first time, when French Admiral Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte renders a nine gun salute to USS Ranger, commanded by John Paul Jones.
- 1779 – James Cook is killed by Native Hawaiians near Kealakekua on the Island of Hawaii.
- 1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent – John Jervis, (later 1st Earl of St Vincent) and Horatio Nelson (later 1st Viscount Nelson) lead the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar.
- 1849 – In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first serving President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
- 1852 – Great Ormond St Hospital for Sick Children, the first hospital in England to provide in-patient beds specifically for children (The National Children's Hospital in Dublin was founded over 30 years previously in 1821), is founded in London.
- 1855 – Texas is linked by telegraph to the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.
- 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.
- 1899 – Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
- 1919 – The Polish–Soviet War begins.
- 1924 – The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changes its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
- 1929 – Saint Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven people, six of them gangster rivals of Al Capone's gang, are murdered in Chicago, Illinois.
- 1944 – World War II: Anti-Japanese revolt on Java.
- 1945 – World War II: On the first day of the bombing of Dresden, the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces begin fire-bombing Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony.
- 1945 – World War II: Navigational error leads to the mistaken bombing of Prague, Czechoslovakia by an American squadron of B-17s assisting in the Soviet's Vistula–Oder Offensive.
- 1945 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt meets with King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia aboard the USS Quincy, officially beginning U.S.-Saudi diplomatic relations.
- 1949 – The Knesset (Israeli parliament) convenes for the first time.
- 1956 – The XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union begins in Moscow. On the last night of the meeting, Premier Nikita Khrushchev condemns Joseph Stalin's crimes in a secret speech.
- 1961 – Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized at the University of California.
- 1966 – Australian currency is decimalised.
- 1989 – Union Carbide agrees to pay $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal disaster.
- 2005 – Lebanese self-made billionaire and business tycoon Rafik Hariri is killed, along with 21 others, when explosives, equivalent of around 1,000 kg of TNT, are detonated as his motorcade drove near the St. George Hotel in Beirut.
- 2005 – Youtube is launched by a group of college students, eventually becoming the largest video sharing website in the world and a main source for viral videos.
- 2011 – As a part of Arab Spring, the Bahraini uprising, a series of demonstrations, amounting to a sustained campaign of civil resistance, in the Persian Gulf country ofBahrain begins with a 'Day of Rage'.
Births
- 1468 – Johannes Werner, German priest and mathematician (d. 1522)
- 1483 – Babur, Moghul emperor (d. 1530)
- 1545 – Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara (d. 1561)
- 1602 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (d. 1676)
- 1679 – Georg Friedrich Kauffmann, German composer and organist (d. 1735)
- 1766 – Thomas Robert Malthus, English economist and scholar (d. 1834)
- 1819 – Christopher Latham Sholes, American inventor, invented the typewriter (d. 1890)
- 1847 – Anna Howard Shaw, American physician, minister, and activist (d. 1919)
- 1859 – George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., American engineer, inventor of the Ferris wheel (d. 1896)
- 1894 – Jack Benny, American actor and comedian (d. 1974)
- 1917 – Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
- 1929 – Vic Morrow, American actor and director (d. 1982)
- 1934 – Florence Henderson, American actress and singer
- 1948 – Teller, American magician and actor
- 1994 – Paul Butcher, American actor
Deaths
- 269 – Saint Valentine, Roman bishop and martyr
- 869 – Saint Cyril, Greek monk, scholar, and linguist (b. 827)
- 1744 – John Hadley, English mathematician, invented the octant (b. 1682)
- 1779 – James Cook, English captain and explorer (b. 1728)
- 1884 – Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt, American wife of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1861)
- 1943 – David Hilbert, German mathematician (b. 1862)
- 1975 – P. G. Wodehouse, English author and poet (b. 1881)
- 1989 – James Bond, American ornithologist (b. 1900)
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