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January 26, 2014 / 25 Shevat 5774
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Events
- 98 – Trajan succeeded his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire would reach its maximum extent.
- 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate ends with death of Ali.
- 1142 – Song Dynasty General Yue Fei is executed.
- 1343 – Pope Clement VI issues the papal bull Unigenitus to justify the power of the pope and the use of indulgences. Nearly 200 years later, Martin Luther would protest this.
- 1593 – The Vatican opens the seven-year trial of scholar Giordano Bruno.
- 1606 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.
- 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Henry Knox's "noble train of artillery" arrives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1785 – The University of Georgia is founded, the first public university in the United States.
- 1825 – The U.S. Congress approves Indian Territory (in what is present-day Oklahoma), clearing the way for forced relocation of the Eastern Indians on the "Trail of Tears".
- 1868 – Boshin War: The Battle of Toba-Fushimi between forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and pro-Imperial factions begins, which will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the Meiji Restoration.
- 1888 – The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C.
- 1943 – World War II: The VIII Bomber Command dispatched ninety-one B-17s and B-24s to attack the U-Boat construction yards at Wilhemshaven, Germany. This was the first American bombing attack on Germany of the war.
- 1945 – World War II: The Red Army liberates the remained inmates of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp built by the Nazi Germans on the territory of Poland.
- 1967 – Astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee are killed in a fire during a test of their Apollo 1 spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
- 1973 – The Paris Peace Accords officially end the Vietnam War. Colonel William Nolde is killed in action becoming the conflict's last recorded American combat casualty.
- 1974 – The Brisbane River breaches its banks causing the largest flood to affect the city of Brisbane in the 20th century.
- 1980 – Through cooperation between the U.S. and Canadian governments, six American diplomats secretly escape hostilities in Iran in the culmination of the Canadian Caper.
- 1983 – The pilot shaft of the Seikan Tunnel, the world's longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85 km) between the Japanese islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō, breaks through.
- 1984 – Pop singer Michael Jackson suffers second degree burns to his scalp during the filming of a Pepsi commercial in the Shrine Auditorium.
- 1996 – Germany first observes International Holocaust Remembrance Day.
Births
- 1443 – Albert III, Duke of Saxony (d. 1500)
- 1720 – Samuel Foote, English playwright (d. 1777)
- 1741 – Hester Thrale, Welsh author (d. 1821)
- 1756 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (d. 1791)
- 1775 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher (d. 1854)
- 1795 – Eli Whitney Blake, American inventor, invented the Mortise lock (d. 1886)
- 1807 – David Strauss, German theologian and author (d. 1874)
- 1823 – Édouard Lalo, French composer (d. 1892)
- 1832 – Lewis Carroll, English author (d. 1898)
- 1908 – William Randolph Hearst, Jr., American journalist and publisher (d. 1993)
- 1908 – Hot Lips Page, American trumpet player, singer, and bandleader (d. 1954)
- 1944 – Nick Mason, English drummer, songwriter, and producer (Pink Floyd)
- 1957 – Frank Miller, American illustrator, screenwriter, producer, and director
- 1964 – Bridget Fonda, American actress
- 1997 – Peyton Ernst, American artistic gymnast
Deaths
- 98 – Nerva, Roman emperor (b. 35)
- 457 – Marcian, Byzantine emperor (b. 392)
- 661 – Ali ibn Abi-Talib, Muslim caliph
- 1901 – Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (b. 1813)
- 1910 – Thomas Crapper, English plumber and businessman (b. 1836)
- 1967 – Roger B. Chaffee, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1935)
- 1967 – Gus Grissom, American pilot and astronaut (b. 1926)
- 1967 – Edward Higgins White, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1930)
- 1971 – Jacobo Árbenz, Guatemalan military officer and politician, President of Guatemala (b. 1913)
- 1989 – Thomas Sopwith, English ice hockey player and pilot (b. 1888)
- 1993 – André the Giant, French wrestler and actor (b. 1946)
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